04/01/2007
Internet Radio Broadcasting
Internet Radio Broadcasting - About Bitrates
Streaming live audio involves using bitrates. What are bitrates? Bitrate is the bandwidth used to send a stream to the listener. If you are going to broadcast via the internet you must choose a bitrate to send the content to the listener. When choosing bitrate you must take into consideration your target audience. Will my listeners be using a broadband connection such as dsl or cable, or will they be using a dial up connection.
Streaming at a bitrate higher than the listener can download results in buffering. This basically means the stream is stopped while the listeners player downloads enough of the stream to resume playing. Obviously the listener will not want to continue listening to the stream if he has to wait 30 seconds or so in the middle of a song.
Generally a dial up listener can listen to a stream that broadcasts between 8kbs and 32kbs without experiencing buffering depending on the individual listeners connection. Dial up modems can accomodate a maximum band width of 56k although the actual bitrate can vary from 21k to around 52k dependant on the phone line.
Broadband listeners can listen to audio streams at a much higher bitrate. The highest bitrate recommended to stream music to broadband listeners is 128kbs. Why? Music cd's are recorded at 128kbs. Any streaming above this bitrate is just a waste of your bandwidth. Of course you can choose any rate between 8kbs and 128kbs to stream to broadband. Rule of thumb is the higher the bitrate the better the quality of the stream although there are several other factors to consider which I will address in my next article.
Whats the alternative if you wish to include multiple bitrates? The alternative is to get stream hosting that allows you to broadcast at multiple bitrates. Many stream hosts offer packages that include several different bitrates to effectively let you stream to a larger audience. You send the stream from your computer to said stream server and it sends the stream to your listeners at the multiple bitrates. You can also send your stream to multiple stream servers if you choose in the event that one stream server fails, your stream will still be up and running.
Internet Radio Broadcasting - What's the Best Bitrate
There is a lot of discussion and disagreement among internet broadcaster about the best bitrate to use in order to get the best music quality. This article will address this topic and the other factors that affect sound quality.
Although it is widely believed that the higher the stream bitrate the better the streaming quality there are other factors involved. One important factor is the stream encoder. There are many options depending on what software you are using to encode your stream. For intance you could create a stream that is 128kbs stereo which sends the stream at 44khz. This would create a high quality broadband stream for your listeners. You can create a similar stream at lower bitrates as well.
So why use anything other setting? Because 128kbs stereo doesn't necessarily give your listeners the best sound experience. In my testing a lower bitrate like 64kbs encoded in mono can produce as good or better sound quality than the 128kbs stereo stream. Every computer doesn't play your stream the same. On an average computer with two speakers quite often the mono stream will be a better listening experience. I recently received an email from a new internet broadcaster. He wanted to know why my stream at 16kbs sounded better than his 64kbs stereo stream. My 16kbs stream is using mono at 16khz. It produces the best possible 16kbs listener experience in my opinion.
The bottom line is bigger isn't always better. If you have a broadcast stream experiment with differnt bitrates and encoders. Try mono and stereo. Listen to your stream on different computers and speaker systems. Try to be the listener and experience what they will hear. This is the best way to decide on your bitrate and encoding.
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